Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences
type: channel
description: Journal Title : Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences Initials : BELACOSS Frequency : 6 times (January, Maret, May, July, September dan November) ISSN Online : 3089-9001 ISSN Print : XXXX-XXXX Chief Editor : Aris Rustanta, SE., SH, MBA DOI Prefix : 10.66755/belacoss Publisher : ARE Publisher Accreditation : - Journal Indexing : -
publisher: ARE Publisher
language: en
publication name: Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences
issn: 3089-9001
items: The Influence of Workload, Compensation, and Work Stress on Employee Turover Intention (At PT. Asia Sakti Wahid Foods Manufacture)
items: The Influence of Online Customer Review, E-Service Quality, And Brand Image on Purchase Interest (Study on E-Commerce Lazada)
items: The Effect of Consumer Ethnocentrism, Boycott Participation, and Consumer Animosity on Purchase Unwillingness Aqua Brand Bottled Drinking Water
items: The Influence of Work-Life Balance, Self-Efficacy, and Social Support on Working Students
items: The Influence of Transactional Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Compensation on Employee Performance
items: The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Learning on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) (A Study of Employees at PT. Anugerah Mekanika Sukses Abadi)
items: The Influence of Service Quality, Consumer Trust, and Brand Awareness on Customer Loyalty for Vehicle Insurance at PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia
items: The Influence of Transactional Leadership, Self-Efficacy, and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB): (A Study on Employees at PT. Anugerah Mekanika Sukses Abadi)
items: Exploring Green Trust in Sustainable Consumption: A Literature Review on Green Purchase Intention
items: The Influence of Product Quality, Price Perception and Reference Groups on the Purchase Decision of Refillable Perfumes (Study on Uchi Parfume Refillable Solo, Central Java)
items: The Influence of Fashion Lifestyle and Self-Concept on Sustainable Fashion Purchase Intention with Consumer Perceived Value as a Mediating Variable
items: The Effect of Motivation, Self-Efficacy and Soft Skills on Students' Work Readiness as Generation Z in Facing the Digital Era
items: The Influence of Knowledge and Awareness on Purchase Intention of Second-hand Fashion through Attitude as a Mediation Variable (Case Study in Greater Jakarta)
items: The Influence of Perceived Behavioral Control, Ingredients Product, and Electronic Word of Mouth on Purchase Intention for Skintific Products (Study of Adolescents in West Jakarta)
items: Gap Analysis of ISO 45001:2018 Implementation: A Case Study of a Local Government Environmental Agency
items: Analysis of the Implementation of the ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System Using GAP Analysis(Case Study at a National Gas Distribution Company)
items: The Effect of Organizational Culture, Work Discipline, and Workload on Employee Performance
items: The Influence of the Green Marketing Mix (Green Product, Green Price, Green Promotion, Green Place) on Green Repurchase Intention at Starbucks Margo City Depok
items: Workload, Payment, and Work Environment's Impact on Employee Satisfaction the Education Foundation of Bank Dagang Negara
items: The Influence of Promotion, Price, and Service Quality on GrabBike Customer Satisfaction in West Jakarta
items: The Effect of Work Discipline, Teamwork and Work Stress on the Work Productivity of Employees at PT. Nadi Digital Indonesia
items: Measuring Service Quality with the Service Quality Approach (Servqual) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) Method
items: The Effect of Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Return on Equity and Total Asset Turnover on Stock Returns (Empirical Study on Automotive Sub-Sector Issuers for the Period 2019–2023)
items: The Effect of Taste, Negative Word of Mouth, and Price Perception on Purchase Decision
items: The Effect of Product Quality, Price and Promotion on Indomie Product Purchase Decisions
items: The Effect of Motivation, Workload, and Compensation on Employee Performance
items: The Influence of Career Development, Job Training, and Workload on Job Satisfaction (Study on Employees of PT. XYZ)
items: https://journal.arepublisher.com/index.php/belacoss/article/view/397
items: The Influence of Compensation, Work Motivation, and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of Employees at PT. Binakarindo Yacoagung
items: The Influence of Employee Performance, Work Motivation, and Work Environment on Employee Performance (Study on PPSU Employees of XYZ Subdistrict)

The Influence of Workload, Compensation, and Work Stress on Employee Turover Intention (At PT. Asia Sakti Wahid Foods Manufacture)
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the effect of workload, compensation, and work stress on turnover intention at PT Asia Sakti Wahid Foods Manufacture. This research uses a quantitative method with a causal approach. Primary data obtained from questionnaires distributed to 90 permanent employees using purposive sampling technique, while secondary data obtained through literature study. Data analysis was carried out using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method with SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results showed that workload has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention, compensation has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention, and job stress has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention. These results indicate that high workload, inadequate compensation, and high levels of job stress increase employees' intention to leave the company.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Workload
  topic: keywords
subject: Compensation
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Turnover Intention
  topic: keywords
creator: Nada Fauziyah
creator: Rachi Titi Ramadhani Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-25
publication date: 2025-11-25
starting page: 659
ending page: 677
doi: 10.66755/belacoss.v1i6.525

The Influence of Online Customer Review, E-Service Quality, And Brand Image on Purchase Interest (Study on E-Commerce Lazada)
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the Influence of Online Costumer Review, E-Service Quality, and Brand image on Consumer Purchase Interest in Lazada E-Commerce. The type of research used in this study is quantitative and the research method used is the causal analysis method. The population of this study is Lazada consumers who live in West Jakarta. The sample used was 145 respondents. The sampling technique of this study is non-probability sampling, purposive sampling type. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The data analysis method used in this study is Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS), with the help of SmartPLS software version 4.0. The results of this study found that E-Service Quality and Brand image have a positive and significant effect on purchase interest in Lazada E-Commerce, on the other hand there was no significance between online customer reviews and consumer purchase interest.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Online Costumer Review
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Service Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Brand Image
  topic: keywords
subject: Costumer Purchasing Interest
  topic: keywords
subject: E- Commerce
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhamad Ramzi
creator: Ade Permata Surya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-26
publication date: 2025-11-26
starting page: 637
ending page: 649
doi: 10.66755/belacoss.v1i6.524

The Effect of Consumer Ethnocentrism, Boycott Participation, and Consumer Animosity on Purchase Unwillingness Aqua Brand Bottled Drinking Water
type: item
description: This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of Consumer Ethnocentrism, Boycott Participation, and Consumer Aimosity on Purchase Unwillingness of AQUA Brand Bottled Drinking Water. In line with the objectives of the study, this study uses a Quantitative research method. The population in this study were consumers who consume AQUA Brand Bottled Drinking Water who live in the Mercu Buana Meruya Campus Environment, west Jakarta. The sample used in this study was 125 respondents. The sampling method used Non Probability Sampling with the technique used was purposive sampling. The data analysis used was statistical analysis in the form of SEM-PLS. The results of this study indicate that the Consumer Ethnocentrism Variable has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Unwillingness. The Boycott Participation Variable has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Unwillingness. The Consumer Animosity Variable has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Unwillingness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Consumer Ethnocentrism
  topic: keywords
subject: Boycott Participation
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Animosity
  topic: keywords
subject: Purchase Unwillingness
  topic: keywords
subject: Bottled Drinking Water
  topic: keywords
creator: Celyca Adelia Marta
creator: Ade Permata Surya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-15
publication date: 2026-04-15
starting page: 624
ending page: 636
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.523

The Influence of Work-Life Balance, Self-Efficacy, and Social Support on Working Students
type: item
description: Having both work and education is important. A nation's progress depends on its human resources, and education is the key to developing those resources. Working students are more likely to experience burnout. This study aims to examine the relationship between burnout and factors including work-life balance, self-efficacy, and social support. To achieve this, the researcher employed a quantitative strategy using a survey methodology. A total of 181 working students from Universitas Mercu Buana participated in the survey through a convenience sampling method. All respondents were asked to complete a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) algorithm with SmartPLS version 4.1.1.2. The results showed that work-life balance had a negative but not significant effect on burnout. Similarly, self-efficacy had a negative but statistically insignificant effect on burnout. However, social support had a significant and negative influence on burnout.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Work-Life Balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Support
  topic: keywords
subject: Burnout
  topic: keywords
creator: Rafi Mughits Naufal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-29
publication date: 2025-11-29
starting page: 801
ending page: 820
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.508

The Influence of Transactional Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Compensation on Employee Performance
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the influence of Transactional Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Compensation on Employee Performance at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Mangga Dua Branch. The research object is the employees working at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Mangga Dua Branch. The study covers all employees working at the branch office. The research involved 50 respondents using a descriptive quantitative approach. The sampel size was determined using a saturated sampling technique, which takes the entire population. Data were collected through a survey method using a questionnaire as the research instrument. Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach with the Smart-PLS software. The results show that transactional leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. In addition, organizational culture and compensation were also proven to have a positive and significant influence on employee performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transactional Leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Compensation
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Vini Anggraini Putri
creator: Matsani Matsani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-29
publication date: 2025-11-29
starting page: 788
ending page: 800
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.507

The Influence of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Learning on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) (A Study of Employees at PT. Anugerah Mekanika Sukses Abadi)
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to analyze and test the influence of transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational learning on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) at PT. Anugerah Mekanika Sukses Abadi. The research design used is a causal research design. The population of this study is all permanent employees of PT. Anugerah Mekanika Sukses Abadi. The sample used is 66 employees. The sample determination uses a saturated sampling method. The data collection method uses a survey method, with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The research method uses the Partial Least Square (Smart-PLS) program analysis method. The results of the study indicate that transformational leadership has a significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Organizational learning has a significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transformational Leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Organization Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
  topic: keywords
creator: Vivi Indriani
creator: R. Joko Sugiharjo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-25
publication date: 2025-11-25
starting page: 774
ending page: 787
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.506

The Influence of Service Quality, Consumer Trust, and Brand Awareness on Customer Loyalty for Vehicle Insurance at PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia
type: item
description: The customer loyalty research at PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia was conducted with the aim of analyzing the influence of Service Quality, Consumer Trust and Brand Awareness on Vehicle Insurance Customer Loyalty. The study population was 18,037 customers with a sample size of 170. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire method distributed through Google Forms to a number of customers. The sampling technique used was non- probability purposive sampling. The data analysis method used Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study prove that Service Quality, Trust, Brand Awareness have a significant positive influence on Customer Loyalty of PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia. This study provides a positive contribution to the management of PT Asuransi Jasindo in building customer loyalty. PT Asuransi Jasindo needs to improve service quality, customer trust and awareness to create long-term relationships.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Service Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Trust
  topic: keywords
subject: Brand Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer Loyalty
  topic: keywords
subject: Partial Least Square
  topic: keywords
subject: Vehicle Insurance
  topic: keywords
creator: Bahrul Ardiantoro
creator: Hamdan Hamdan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-29
publication date: 2025-11-29
starting page: 764
ending page: 773
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.505

The Influence of Transactional Leadership, Self-Efficacy, and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB): (A Study on Employees at PT. Anugerah Mekanika Sukses Abadi)
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the influence of Transactional Leadership, Self-Efficacy, and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among employees of PT. Anugerah Mekanika Sukses Abadi. The research design adopts a quantitative causal approach. The population in this study consists of 66 permanent employees of PT. Anugerah Mekanika Sukses Abadi. The sampling method applied is the saturated sampling technique, where the entire population is selected as the sample. Data collection was conducted by distributing questionnaires via Google Forms. The approach used in this research is the Structural Equation Model (SEM), with Smart-PLS as the analysis tool. The study findings indicate that: (1) Transactional Leadership has a positive significant influence on OCB. (2) Self-Efficacy has a positive significant influence on OCB. (3) Organizational Commitment has a positive significant influence on OCB among employees at PT. AMSA.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transactional Leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Self Efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational Commitment
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
  topic: keywords
creator: Pina Febrianti
creator: R. Joko Sugiharjo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 751
ending page: 763
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.504

Exploring Green Trust in Sustainable Consumption: A Literature Review on Green Purchase Intention
type: item
description: In recent years, the cosmetics industry has come under scrutiny for its environmental impact, particularly its reliance on single-use plastic packaging. As consumers become more engaging in environmentally conscious attitudes have begun shaping green consumption patterns. This narrative literature review explores the role of environmental concern, green packaging, and social media exposure in shaping green purchase intention among consumers, with a particular emphasis on the mediating role of green trust. Synthesizing studies from 2019-2024 selected academic journals, the review finds that green trust functions as a psychological mechanism that connects consumers’ awareness and values to actual purchasing behavior. Packaging and social media exposure act as visible cues and communicative tools, while environmental concern forms the cognitive-emotional base. The findings suggest that in the context of the cosmetics industry, building and maintaining green trust through credible sustainability efforts is central to influence purchase intentions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Consumer Behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Consumption Intention
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Concern
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Packaging
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media Exposure
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Trust
  topic: keywords
creator: Fania Trishafa Kamila
creator: Dudi Permana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 738
ending page: 750
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.503

The Influence of Product Quality, Price Perception and Reference Groups on the Purchase Decision of Refillable Perfumes (Study on Uchi Parfume Refillable Solo, Central Java)
type: item
description: Perfume has become one of the lifestyle products that can support appearance and can increase confidence. All people really need perfume in activities outside the home. Some people often feel the need to buy perfume at an expensive price and irrational considerations to fulfill their desire in their social environment to look perfect and to keep up with the existing trends. This study aims to determine the influence of product quality, price perception, and reference groups on refillable perfume purchase decisions in Uchi Parfume Refillable consumers in Solo, Central Java. This research is a quantitative research and the research method used is causal analysis. The number of respondents was 220 people obtained through purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method with Smart PLS 4 software. The results show that product quality, price perception, and reference groups partially have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. These findings show that these three variables are important factors that influence consumers in choosing refillable perfume products. Therefore, Uchi Parfume is advised to continue to maintain quality, set competitive prices, and utilize social influence in its marketing strategy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Product Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Price Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Reference Group
  topic: keywords
subject: Purchase Decision
  topic: keywords
subject: Refillable Perfume
  topic: keywords
creator: Mia Septiani
creator: Yuli Harwani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 728
ending page: 737
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.502

The Influence of Fashion Lifestyle and Self-Concept on Sustainable Fashion Purchase Intention with Consumer Perceived Value as a Mediating Variable
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the influence of fashion lifestyle and self-concept on sustainable fashion purchase intention with consumer perceived value as a mediating variable. The population in this study is consumers in Indonesia who have an interest in sustainable fashion products. The sample used was 210 respondents. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. The data collection method used a survey method, with the research instrument being a questionnaire. The data analysis method used Partial Least Square. This study is expected to provide new insights into the factors that influence the intention to purchase sustainable fashion products, as well as the role of consumer perceived value as a mediator. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of marketing strategies that support sustainability in the fashion industry, while encouraging increased consumer awareness of the importance of environmentally friendly consumption.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fashion Lifestyle
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Concept
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Perceived Value
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Fashion
  topic: keywords
subject: Purchase
  topic: keywords
creator: Syifa Sofia
creator: Dudi Permana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 716
ending page: 727
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.501

The Effect of Motivation, Self-Efficacy and Soft Skills on Students' Work Readiness as Generation Z in Facing the Digital Era
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the influence of motivation, self-efficacy, and soft skills on the work readiness of students as Generation Z in facing the digital era. The population in this study consists of 436 students from the Faculty of Economics and Business, class of 2021, at Universitas Mercu Buana Jakarta. The sample used was 81 students, determined using the Slovin formula. The sampling method applied was probability sampling. Data collection was conducted through a survey using a questionnaire as the research instrument. This study employs a Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach with SmartPLS as the analytical tool. The results show that motivation has a positive and significant influence on work readiness. Self-efficacy also has a positive and significant influence on work readiness. Similarly, soft skills have a positive and significant influence on work readiness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Soft Skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Readiness
  topic: keywords
subject: Generation Z
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital
  topic: keywords
creator: Hafizh Aryasatya Wiguna
creator: Lisnatiawati Saragih
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-27
publication date: 2025-11-27
starting page: 702
ending page: 715
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.500

The Influence of Knowledge and Awareness on Purchase Intention of Second-hand Fashion through Attitude as a Mediation Variable (Case Study in Greater Jakarta)
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the influence of knowledge and awareness on second-hand fashion purchase intent with attitude as a mediating variable. The background of the research is the increasing consumption of fast fashion which has a negative impact on the environment and the low public awareness of sustainable fashion. The study uses a quantitative approach with the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis technique. The research population is the people of Greater Jakarta who have an interest but have never bought second-hand fashion products. A sample of 140 respondents was obtained through the purposive sampling method, with data collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed through SmartPLS 4.1. The results of the study show that knowledge does not have a significant effect on attitude, while awareness has a positive and significant effect on attitude. Attitude has also been shown to have a significant effect on purchase intention. In addition, knowledge has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention, while awareness has no significant effect. The mediation analysis shows that attitude only mediates the relationship between knowledge and purchase intention, but does not mediate the relationship between awareness and purchase intention. This research contributes to the fashion industry in designing communication strategies to increase consumer knowledge and awareness, as well as becoming a reference for future research on environmentally conscious consumer behavior.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: Purchase Intent
  topic: keywords
subject: Used Clothing
  topic: keywords
creator: Yunita Rismalina
creator: Dudi Permana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-26
publication date: 2025-11-26
starting page: 688
ending page: 701
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.499

The Influence of Perceived Behavioral Control, Ingredients Product, and Electronic Word of Mouth on Purchase Intention for Skintific Products (Study of Adolescents in West Jakarta)
type: item
description: This study examines the impact of perceived behavioral control, product ingredients, and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) on adolescents’ purchase intention toward Skintific products in West Jakarta. Using a quantitative survey with purposive sampling, 140 respondents participated, and data were analyzed with SEM-PLS. Results show that all three variables significantly influence purchase intention. Higher perceived behavioral control, better product quality, and stronger social media reviews positively affect adolescents’ intention to purchase Skintific products. The findings contribute to consumer behavior literature within the Theory of Planned Behavior and provide practical insights for companies to enhance product quality and utilize digital media effectively.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Purchase Intention
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived Behavioral Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Product Ingredients
  topic: keywords
subject: Electronic Word of Mouth
  topic: keywords
subject: Skintific
  topic: keywords
creator: Amanda Putri Willyanis
creator: Dudi Permana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-25
publication date: 2025-11-25
starting page: 678
ending page: 687
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.494

Gap Analysis of ISO 45001:2018 Implementation: A Case Study of a Local Government Environmental Agency
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) within one local government environmental agency, as a case study, based on ISO 45001:2018 standards. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied, utilizing in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation review to collect data. Informants consisted of employees and structural officials responsible for occupational health and safety management. The research employed a gap analysis method to compare actual practices with ISO 45001:2018 requirements. Findings reveal that most clauses of the ISO standard are not optimally implemented. The agency lacks formal OHS policies, systematic documentation, and structured procedures. Organizational support and leadership commitment remain limited, while evaluation and continuous improvement practices are underdeveloped. The study concludes that substantial gaps exist between current practices and ISO 45001:2018, requiring a more formalized, structured, and sustainable OHSMS. These results provide insights for enhancing OHS implementation in public sector organizations, though findings should be interpreted as specific to the studied case rather than generalized to all institutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: OHSMS
  topic: keywords
subject: ISO 45001:2018
  topic: keywords
subject: Gap Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Safety
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Sector
  topic: keywords
creator: Nisa Afina Achmadilla
creator: Agustinus Hariadi Djoko Purwanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-25
publication date: 2025-11-25
starting page: 650
ending page: 658
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i6.493

Analysis of the Implementation of the ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System Using GAP Analysis(Case Study at a National Gas Distribution Company)
type: item
description: This study analyzes the implementation of the ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System (QMS) at the National Gas Distribution Company using the Gap Analysis method to assess the level of implementation, non-conformity, and improvement. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through observation, interviews, and document analysis, the results show that the QMS has been implemented with a very high level of conformity (97.60%). The Planning (6) and Improvement (10) clauses reached 100%, reflecting strength in strategy and continuous improvement. However, there were minor non-conformities in the organizational context, leadership, support, operations, and performance evaluation clauses, especially related to data updates, communication, information management, vendor evaluation, and management review. Recommendations for improvement are focused on optimizing these processes to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the ISO 9001:2015 QMS at the National Gas Distribution Company.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quality Management System
  topic: keywords
subject: ISO 9001:2015
  topic: keywords
subject: Gap Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: National Gas Distribution Company
  topic: keywords
subject: Continuous Improvement
  topic: keywords
creator: Desty Erina
creator: Agustinus Hariadi Djoko Purwanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 611
ending page: 623
doi: 10.66755/belacoss.v1i5.457

The Effect of Organizational Culture, Work Discipline, and Workload on Employee Performance
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of organizational culture, work discipline, and workload on employee performance at the Karang Tengah District Office. Using a quantitative approach with a saturated sampling technique, all 58 employees participated as respondents. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with the Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) approach via SmartPLS. The results reveal that organizational culture and work discipline have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, while workload has a negative and significant effect. The findings underline the importance of fostering a healthy organizational culture, enforcing consistent work discipline, and managing workload proportionally to optimize performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Organizational Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Discipline
  topic: keywords
subject: Workload
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: SEM-PLS
  topic: keywords
creator: Apriliyani Rosma Widia
creator: Eri Marlapa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 607
ending page: 610
doi: 10.70550/belacoss.v1i5.456

The Influence of the Green Marketing Mix (Green Product, Green Price, Green Promotion, Green Place) on Green Repurchase Intention at Starbucks Margo City Depok
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the effect of green marketing mix (green product, green price, green promotion, green place) on green repurchase intention of Starbucks in Margo City Depok. The approach used in the study is quantitative. The population of the study is all people who live in Depok City and its surroundings. The research sample to represent this study was 140 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The sampling technique was non-probability purposive sampling. The analysis method used in data processing is SEM- PLS (Partial Least Square) with Smart-PLS 3 software. Based on data analysis, only first hypothesis is rejected. Green product has a positive effect but it’s not significant with green repurchase intention. Meanwhile, the second, third, and fourth hypothesis are accepted. Green price has a positive and significant effect on green repurchase intention. Green promotion has a positive and significant effect on green repurchase intention. Green place has a positive and significant effect on green repurchase intention.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green Marketing Mix
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Product
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Price
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Promotion
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Place
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Repurchase Intention
  topic: keywords
creator: Andini Eka Putri Rakasiwi
creator: Dudi Permana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 597
ending page: 606
doi: 10.000000/belacoss.v1i5.438

Workload, Payment, and Work Environment's Impact on Employee Satisfaction the Education Foundation of Bank Dagang Negara
type: item
description: This study aims to examine and analyze Workload, Compensation, and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction of YP-BDN Employees. The population in this study were all employees of the Bank Dagang Negara Education Foundation with a sample of 60 people consisting of 15 elementary school teachers and 3 administrative employees, 17 junior high school teachers and 3 administrative employees, 18 high school teachers and 4 administrative employees. This study used a quantitative method conducted with a survey approach. Job Satisfaction has an influence on the heavy Workload borne by employees, receiving unequal Compensation causes jealousy among employees, and the Work Environment factor gets a narrow and non-conducive room causing dissatisfaction during work. Based on these findings, the Bank Dagang Negara Education Foundation school is advised to pay attention to these factors in an effort to increase employee satisfaction and motivation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Workload
  topic: keywords
subject: Compensation
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Danang Pamungkas
creator: Setyo Riyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-20
publication date: 2025-09-20
starting page: 584
ending page: 596
doi: 10.000000/belacoss.v1i5.437

The Influence of Promotion, Price, and Service Quality on GrabBike Customer Satisfaction in West Jakarta
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to determine the factors, if any, that influence promotion, price, and service quality on customer satisfaction with GrabBike in West Jakarta. Residents of West Jakarta who have previously used the Grab app, particularly the GrabBike online transportation service, constitute the demographic used in this study. In this study, 110 participants were surveyed. The questionnaire, created using Google Forms and distributed to respondents, served as the data collection method. This study employed the Smart-PLS analysis tool alongside Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). According to the study's findings, promotions do not have a significant impact on customer satisfaction. There is a positive and statistically significant relationship between customer satisfaction and both price and service quality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Promotion
  topic: keywords
subject: Price
  topic: keywords
subject: Service Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Ride-Hailing Apps
  topic: keywords
creator: Siti Alima
creator: Shinta Rahmani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
starting page: 574
ending page: 583
doi: 10.000000/belacoss.v1i5.436

The Effect of Work Discipline, Teamwork and Work Stress on the Work Productivity of Employees at PT. Nadi Digital Indonesia
type: item
description: This study aims to analyse the influence of work discipline, teamwork, and work stress regarding staff performance in PT. Nadi Digital Indonesia. The method used is quantitative causal with a saturated sample of 45 permanent employees. Main information was collected via surveys, whereas supplementary data was obtained from literature studies. The analysis used SmartPLS 4.0 with outer model and inner model tests. Findings show that adherence to workplace rules does not influence productivity, teamwork and work stres has a significant Findings show that adherence to workplace rules does not productivity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Work Productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Discipline
  topic: keywords
subject: Teamwork
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Fina Nuraini
creator: Mochamad Rizki Sadikin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
starting page: 561
ending page: 573
doi: 10.000000/belacoss.v1i5.435

Measuring Service Quality with the Service Quality Approach (Servqual) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) Method
type: item
description: Modern lifestyles, especially among young people, encourage the trend of hanging out in cafes as part of social interactions. This makes service quality very important to support customer comfort and satisfaction. PT. Sedjuk Bakmi and Kopi is one of the leading coffee shops that also serves a signature menu of oven noodles, and is known for its traditional building design in the middle of an urban atmosphere. The purpose of this study is to measure the gap between customer expectations and perceptions of Sedjuk Bakmi and Kopi services and provide recommendations for improvements to increase satisfaction and reduce customer complaints. The objects of this study are customers who have become customers of PT. Sedjuk Bakmi and Kopi. This study was conducted on 80 respondents using a quantitative descriptive approach. The methodology used in this study is Servqual and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) with SPSS analysis tools. Therefore, the results of this study state that Sedjuk Bakmi and Kopi need to improve key services such as complaint handling and staff skills, focusing on important aspects for customers and reducing attention to less important things. Recommendations include facility improvements, staff training, customer care programs, 24-hour service, and an effective complaints system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Operation Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Service Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Importance Performance Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Septiyana Septiyana
creator: Onggo Pramudito
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-20
publication date: 2025-09-20
starting page: 551
ending page: 560
doi: 10.000000/belacoss.v1i5.434

The Effect of Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Return on Equity and Total Asset Turnover on Stock Returns (Empirical Study on Automotive Sub-Sector Issuers for the Period 2019–2023)
type: item
description: The automotive sub-sector is one of the manufacturing industries that plays a crucial role in supporting national economic growth, particularly through the production and distribution of motor vehicles. However, fluctuations in the stock prices of automotive companies during the 2019–2023 period indicate that internal financial factors may influence investor decisions. This study aims to analyze the effect of Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Return on Equity, and Total Asset Turnover on stock returns. The research design used is quantitative with a causal approach. The population in this study consists of 16 automotive sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019–2023 period, with 12 companies selected as the sample using purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out using panel data regression with the assistance of Eviews 13 software. The results show that Current Ratio, Return on Equity, and Total Asset Turnover have a significant effect on stock returns, while Debt to Equity Ratio does not have a significant effect. This research is expected to serve as a reference for investors and companies in making investment decisions and improving the efficiency of financial performance management in the automotive sub-sector.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Current Ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Debt to Equity Ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Return on Equity
  topic: keywords
subject: Total Asset Turnover
  topic: keywords
subject: Stock Return
  topic: keywords
subject: Automotive
  topic: keywords
creator: Kesyana Asyiva Shalsabila
creator: Irvan Hermala
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-27
publication date: 2025-09-27
starting page: 537
ending page: 550
doi: 10.000000/belacoss.v1i5.431

The Effect of Taste, Negative Word of Mouth, and Price Perception on Purchase Decision
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the influence of taste, negative word of mouth, and price perception on purchasing decisions among consumers of the MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) Bubur Ayam Bang Jaya. The decline in sales in 2023 after the pandemic highlights the need to evaluate the factors influencing consumer behavior. In the context of micro culinary businesses, purchasing decisions are significantly affected by product taste quality, consumer opinions, and price perception. This research employs a quantitative approach with a survey technique. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 166 respondents using purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method with the help of SmartPLS 4.1 software. The results of the study show that taste has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions, meaning that the higher the taste quality, the greater the likelihood of consumer purchase. Additionally, negative word of mouth also has a positive and significant influence, indicating that when negative reviews are properly managed or responded to, they can build consumer trust and encourage purchases. However, price perception does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions, suggesting that consumers prioritize taste quality and peer reviews over price considerations. In conclusion, to increase purchasing decisions, MSMEs actors need to focus on improving product taste and developing effective communication strategies to handle consumer feedback, especially negative reviews.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Taste
  topic: keywords
subject: Negative Word of Mouth
  topic: keywords
subject: Price Perception
  topic: keywords
creator: Yogi Saputra
creator: Hamdan Hamdan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
starting page: 524
ending page: 536
doi: 10.000000/belacoss.v1i5.430

The Effect of Product Quality, Price and Promotion on Indomie Product Purchase Decisions
type: item
description: This research seeks to investigate and clarify the effect of product quality, price, and promotion on Indomie product purchase decisions in West Jakarta. The study applies a causal research design. A total of 155 participants were selected using a purposive sampling approach. Data were processed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) version 4.0 method, supported by descriptive analysis. The investigation focuses on how product quality, price, and promotion influence Indomie product purchase decisions in West Jakarta. Despite Indomie’s market dominance, the decline in sales alongside heightened competition has led to an evaluation of factors shaping consumer preferences. Drawing from literature reviews and prior studies, it is hypothesized that all three independent variables exert a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Findings confirm that product quality, price, and promotion each have a statistically positive and meaningful impact on Indomie product purchase decisions. The study concludes that superior product quality, competitive price, and well-executed promotion strategies strengthen Indomie product purchase decisions. Actionable suggestions include enhancing flavor standards, sustaining competitive pricing, improving promotional effectiveness, and expanding distribution reach.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Product Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Price
  topic: keywords
subject: Promotion
  topic: keywords
subject: Purchasing Decision
  topic: keywords
creator: Ara Dwi Safitri
creator: Ririn Wulandari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-25
publication date: 2025-09-25
starting page: 510
ending page: 523
doi: 10.66755/belacoss.v1i5.414

The Effect of Motivation, Workload, and Compensation on Employee Performance
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the influence of motivation, workload and compensation on employee performance at PT. Rejeki Tujuh Alam. This study uses a saturated sampling method with a population of 75 respondents with the same sample of 75 respondents. The data collection method uses a survey method, with a questionnaire as the research instrument. The data analysis method uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the SmartPLS 3 analysis tool. The results of this study indicate that the Motivation variable has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, the Workload variable has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, the Compensation variable has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Rejeki Tujuh Alam.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Workload
  topic: keywords
subject: Compensation
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Alip Rivaldi
creator: Lisnatiawati Saragih
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-24
publication date: 2025-09-24
starting page: 497
ending page: 509
doi: 10.000000/belacoss.v1i5.413

The Influence of Career Development, Job Training, and Workload on Job Satisfaction (Study on Employees of PT. XYZ)
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the influence of career development, job training, and workload on employee job satisfaction at PT. XYZ. This study uses a quantitative approach by combining primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to permanent employees who were the research sample, while secondary data were collected through relevant literature studies. The population in this study included all employees of PT. XYZ, and the sampling technique used was a saturated sampling technique, so that all 40 permanent employees were sampled. Data analysis was carried out using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method processed using SmartPLS software version 4.0. The results of this study indicate that career development has a positive and significant influence on employee job satisfaction. In addition, job training also has a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction. Workload has also been shown to have a positive and significant influence on employee job satisfaction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Career Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Workload
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Wahyudin Wahyudin
creator: Nia Kusuma Wardhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-26
publication date: 2025-07-26
starting page: 436
ending page: 447
doi: 10.66755/belacoss.v1i4.398

https://journal.arepublisher.com/index.php/belacoss/article/view/397
type: item
title: The Effect of Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Return on Assets on Stock Returns (Study of Publicly Listed Property and Real Estate Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2023)
description: This research aims to analyze the effect of Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Return on Assets (ROA) on stock returns in property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2023. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach with a causality research design. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling method, and obtained 12 companies from a total of 92 listed companies. The data analysis technique used is panel data regression with the help of EViews 13 software. The results show that the DER variable has a positive and significant effect on stock returns, indicating that the higher the level of leverage, the higher the return received by investors. Meanwhile, the ROA variable has a positive but insignificant effect on stock returns, indicating that profitability has not been a major factor considered by investors in this sector. Meanwhile, the CR variable has a negative and insignificant effect, which means that the level of company liquidity does not directly affect stock returns in property and real estate companies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Current Ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Debt to Equity Ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Return on Assets
  topic: keywords
subject: Stock Returns
  topic: keywords
creator: Riyadh Yursaldi
creator: Irwan Mangara Harahap
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-28
publication date: 2025-09-28
starting page: 484
ending page: 496
doi: 10.000000/belacoss.v1i5.397

The Influence of Compensation, Work Motivation, and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of Employees at PT. Binakarindo Yacoagung
type: item
description: This research investigates the influence of compensation, work motivation, and transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) within the corporate setting of PT. Binakarindo Yacoagung. The study targets a population of 96 permanent employees, employing a quantitative research design with data collected through a structured survey instrument measured on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. The findings reveal that compensation exerts a positive yet statistically insignificant effect on OCB, suggesting that financial rewards alone may not be sufficient to stimulate discretionary, extra-role behaviors. In contrast, work motivation and transformational leadership both demonstrate positive and statistically significant relationships with OCB, underscoring the critical role of intrinsic drivers and leadership influence in fostering voluntary employee contributions beyond formal job requirements. These results emphasize the need for organizations to create a work environment that strengthens employee engagement, intrinsic motivation, and transformational leadership practices to enhance OCB. The study contributes to the existing body of literature by reaffirming the theoretical proposition that behavioral outcomes in organizational contexts are more profoundly shaped by motivational and leadership factors than by extrinsic compensation. Practical implications include the development of targeted leadership training programs and motivational strategies to encourage collaborative and proactive workplace behaviors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Compensation
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Transformational Leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
  topic: keywords
creator: Ilgy Rizki Ramadhan
creator: Supriyatno Supriyatno
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-25
publication date: 2025-09-25
starting page: 473
ending page: 483
doi: 10.000000/belacoss.v1i5.396

The Influence of Employee Performance, Work Motivation, and Work Environment on Employee Performance (Study on PPSU Employees of XYZ Subdistrict)
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the effect of Organizational Commitment, Work Motivation, and Work Environment on Employee Performance (Study on PPSU Employees of XYZ Village). This type of research is quantitative research using primary and secondary data. Primary data was conducted by distributing questionnaires to predetermined samples, namely employees handling public infrastructure and facilities (PPSU) of XYZ Village. While the secondary data that researchers obtained from the agency was the performance data of employees handling public infrastructure and facilities (PPSU) of XYZ Village. The population in this study was all PPSU employees of XYZ Village. The sample used in this study was 78 respondents. The sampling technique used saturated sampling. The data analysis method used was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and data processing used Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) software version 4.0. The results of the study showed that the organizational commitment variable had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Work motivation had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The work environment had a positive but not significant effect on employee performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Organizational Commitment
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Anggy Kartikasari
creator: Nia Kusuma Wardhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Business, Economics, Law, Communication, and Social Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 460
ending page: 472
doi: 10.000000/belacoss.v1i6.395